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Genetic Modified Organism



Genetically Modified Foods: Debating Biotechnology by Michael Ruse,

Genetically Modified Foods: Debating Biotechnology by Michael Ruse,
The rapidly advancing field of biotechnology is developing powerful techniques for manipulating the fundamentals of life, including the food we eat. Proponents hail these developments as welcome new methods of improving the nutritional value of our food and of ensuring that it is protected from disease and pests. Opponents vehemently resist this scientific tampering with nature in its pristine state, and fear that dire consequences, like unforeseen new diseases or environmental catastrophes, will result from the creation of "Franken-foods." This lively collection of authoritative articles encompasses the many points of contention in the debate. The editors have organized the essays to deal first with the history and the science of genetically modified foods. The next section focuses on the morality of modifying organisms for human use. What factors should be considered in making value judgments about this technology? Succeeding sections include articles discussing religious attitudes toward genetically modified food, legal issues involving patenting and environmental damage, risk assessment, and possible environmental threats and benefits. Complete with a glossary and suggestions for further reading, this outstanding collection of recently published and brand new articles serves as a comprehensive introduction to an important technology with worldwide social consequences.



International Organizations: Perspectives on Governance in the Twenty-First Century by Kelly-Kate S. Pease,
International Organizations: Perspectives on Governance in the Twenty-First Century by Kelly-Kate S. Pease,
This book provides critical interpretations of international organizations from the perspectives of Marxism, Feminism, Realism, and Liberalism. Using case studies of current crises and events ranging the from Arab and Islamic organizations to the Palestinian uprising to the engineering of Genetically Modified Foods, it is a timely study of how organizations shape and influence world views. Using the perspectives from four approaches, Realism, Liberalism, Marxism, and Feminism, this book uses case studies to illustrate the importance of international organizations and their effect on the world. Topics are reflected by the case studies presented: International Security and the Persian Gulf Crisis and Srebrenica; Regional Security and NATO and the Arab League; Multinational Corporations and the US Clean Air Act and Genetically Modified Foods, Development and the Mexican Peso Crisis and the Indonesian Crisis; the Environment and Global Warming and Whaling; Human Rights and Yugoslavia and Rwanda. For workers in corporations with worldwide interests and for those employed by international organizations.



Genetically modified organism - A genetically modified organism, or GMO is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using techniques in genetics generally known as "recombinant DNA technology". Recombinant DNA technology is the ability to combine DNA molecules from different sources into the one molecule in a test tube.

Predisposition - A genetic predisposition is a genetic effect which influences the phenotype of an organism but which can be modified by the environmental conditions. Genetic testing is able to identify individuals who are genetically predisposed to certain health problems.

Gene knockdown - A gene knockdown is either a genetically modified organism that carries one or more genes in its chromosomes that has been made less active or had its "expression" reduced or is the use of a reagent such as an antisense oligo to decrease expression of a specific gene, copying the effects of such a genetic modification. So far such organisms have been engineered chiefly for research purposes.

Genetically modified food - A genetically modified food is a food product derived in whole or part from a genetically modified organism (GMO) such as a crop plant, animal or microbe such as yeast. Genetically modified foods have been available since the 1990s.



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